A
Across the line — (of batting shot) in which the
bat swings across the path of the ball, rather than along it. Risky, since it
requires expert timing to make good contact.
AGM — See Annual General Meeting.
Agricultural shot — See Cow shot.
All out — The batting team is said to be all out
when ten of its eleven batsmen are dismissed. The eleventh batsman cannot
continue without a partner, and is recorded as ‘not out’ in the scorebook.
All-rounder — A player who can both bat and bowl,
or occasionally, both bat and keep wicket. (Bowler-wicketkeeper all-rounders
are a rare breed.) Strictly
speaking, a true all-rounder would be worth his place as a specialist in either
role, although such players at Test level come along very infrequently. As a
guide, an all-rounder’s batting average ought to be at least equal to his
bowling average. A true all-rounder can bat at number 6 (See Batting order),
thus giving the side the ‘ideal’ balance of five bowlers, six batsmen and a
specialist wicketkeeper. Wanderers’ very own Andrew Symonds fills this role for
the Australian ODI team.
Annual General Meeting — A requirement under
Australian law of any incorporated club, at which accounts are presented,
officers elected and the club’s policy decided for the year to come.
Appeal — The fielding side’s invitation to the
umpire to give a batsman out, answered with an upraised finger or a call of
‘not out’. Any member of the side may make an appeal, but if the fielding
captain feels a batsman has been given out wrongly – for example, a catch not
taken cleanly – he may withdraw the appeal and reinstate the batsman.
Arm ball — A finger-spinner’s delivery bowled
without spin, in the hope of deceiving the batsman into allowing for turn that
does not come.
Ashes — Test series between England and Australia
are played for The Ashes. In 1883, Australia beat England at The Oval for the
first time in England. This led an English sporting paper, The Sporting Times,
to publish a mock obituary of English cricket, which concluded with the words,
“The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia.”
Accounts vary, but the ‘body’ was in fact a bail (or two, or a stump) which had
been burned by “certain ladies.” The ashes were placed in a tiny,
goblet-shaped urn only four inches high and the urn was presented to the
Honorable Ivo Bligh (later Lord Darnley). In his will, Lord Darnley bequeathed
the urn to the M.C.C. Nowadays, the urn itself is kept permanently in the Long
Room at Lord’s, but the side that last won a Test series between the two
countries is said to hold The Ashes. In the event of a tied series, the holding
country retains The Ashes. After the present series, The Ashes will next be contested
in the Australian summer of 1998-99.
Average, batting — The total of a batsman’s runs
during the period for which the average is calculated, divided by the number of
his completed innings, i.e. the number of times he was out in that period. An average
of 40 is considered proficient, 50 outstanding. D.G.Bradman (Australia)
averaged 99.6 in Tests.
Average, bowling — The total of runs scored off a
bowler in the period to which the average refers, divided by the number of
wickets he took in that period. A proficient bowler will aim for an average of
less than 30.
B
Backing up — Backing up: (1) Non-striker’s action
in walking up the pitch as the bowler bowls, in order to be ready for a quick
run (similar to ‘taking a lead’ in baseball.) As the ball is in play at this
point, he risks being run out if the bowler spots him out of his ground,
although some batsmen seem to regard such a dismissal as unsporting conduct on
the bowler’s part, rather than sloppy cricket on their own. (2) Fielder’s action
in taking a position on the opposite side of the wicket from the fielder
throwing the ball, in order to prevent overthrows. Its absence is the principal
cause of recrimination within club second XIs.
Backward — Fielding position prefix indicating
‘slightly behind square’ – usually used only as backward point or backward
square leg.
Bad light — The cause of several near-riots in
Test match crowds. The law makes provision for the umpires to suspend play if,
in their opinion, there is a risk of serious injury to the batsmen due to poor
visibility. Recently, however, their concern appears to have been more for the
batsmen’s wickets than their safety, hence the spectators’ disgruntlement. Many
one-day matches are now played under floodlights; first class playing
conditions do not at present allow this, but moves are afoot to permit their
use as a supplement to natural light in Test matches. Indeed, floodlights have
been used to keep the teams on the field during Australia’s 1997-8 series
against New Zealand and South Africa.
Bad luck, mate — Remark made by the batsmen in
the fielding side to a dismissed opponent who, in trying to hit a good-length
ball through the covers with his bat at an angle, has been bowled off the
inside edge of the bat.
Bails — The two pegs that are held horizontally
in grooves at the top of the stumps. The bails and stumps together comprise a
wicket. Please see diagram below for a graphical representation of the bails.
Ball — (1) Constructed of a cork centre wound
with string, with a cover of polished red leather, a cricket ball weighs 156 gm
(seniors) or 142 gm (junior or female). At most levels of the game, each
innings begins with a new ball, whose gradual softening and loss of shine cause
its behaviour to change as the innings progresses.
Ball — (2) A delivery from the bowler.
Ball tampering — Currently out of fashion as a
topic for cricketing debate, but much in vogue following England’s Test series
against Pakistan in 1992, in which a ball was changed by the umpires without
explanation, and South Africa in 1994. Ball tampering takes two main forms,
both of which are illegal. Some bowlers use tools or their fingernails to raise
the seam, thereby making it more likely to swing. More recently, bowlers have
damaged the surface of one side of the ball, making reverse swing easier to
achieve.
Bat — The wooden paddle with which the batsman
defends his wicket and scores his runs. The law limits its width to 4.25 inches
and its length to 38 inches, although such a bat would be too long even for a
batsman of six foot five. There is no limit on weight, although most bats weigh
between 36 and 48 ounces. The blade of the bat has a flat face, slightly
rounded at the edges; the back is shaped so that the blade is only about an
inch thick at the shoulders, but swells to form a hump about six inches from
the toe. This corresponds to the middle or ‘sweet spot’ of the bat, where its
hitting power is greatest. The handle is made of as many as 12 pieces of cane,
with rubber leaves to provide springing. The quality of the handle can make a
huge difference to the feel and performance of a bat, so much so that most
makers offer a ‘reblading’ service, where a cracked or worn-out blade is
replaced, so the batsman can continue with a trusted handle. Many modern
handles are oval in section, which allows the batsman to judge the correct
position of his hands more easily than a round handle. The handle is wound with
string and covered with one or more tubular rubber grips, according to the
batsman’s preference and the size of his hands. Replacing a grip is a job akin
to fitting a tyre to a tractor wheel – only much, much harder. Do not try this
at home.
Bat-pad — Fielding position close in on off or
leg side, too close to catch a well-hit ball, but ready for one that hits the
edge of the bat and rebounds from the pad.
Batting order — The order in which the members of
a team go out to bat. A batsman is referred to individually by a number,
according to his position in the order. Numbers 1 and 2 open the innings
(number 1 faces the first ball), number 3 comes in at the fall of the first
wicket, and so on down to number 11, who comes in when nine wickets have
fallen. Typically, numbers 1 to 6 are specialist batsmen, the wicketkeeper bats
at 7, followed by the specialist bowlers. Top-order (1,2,3) batsmen have to be
adept against pace and the new ball; 4 and 5 will often be the two most
attacking batsmen, while 5 or 6 may be the best place for a ‘spin specialist’,
who is most useful when the ball is older and the slow bowlers are in action.
Below number 6, specialization ceases to matter, and the order is decided on a
linear scale of ability. C.R.Williams had one outing at 8 this season, but
otherwise seldom bats higher than 10.
Batting shots — See Block, Chinese cut, Cut,
Drive, Edge, Flash, French cut, Glance, Harrow drive, Hook, Late cut, Leg
glance, Lofted drive, Pull, Reverse sweep, Slog, Square cut, Sweep.
Beamer — A fast, head-high full toss. Beamers are
dangerous, and a bowler who bowls one on purpose will be warned by the umpire
and, if he persists, prevented from bowling again in that innings.
Behind the bowler’s arm — Most cricket grounds
have large, white sightscreens at either end, to provide a clear, unobstructed
background against which the batsman can see the ball. Anything moving in front
of or close to the screen at the bowler’s end causes a distraction, and play
will be held up until it is removed. On a club ground, such delays are usually
caused by wandering dogs, American tourists or members of the batting side
walking the boundary when they think the captain might be looking for someone
to take over the scorebook. At a Test match, it is more likely to be a
corporate guest in a hideous blazer, wobbling back from his hospitality lunch
at ten to three. (In Tests, play resumes at 1:40.)
Best bowling — The occasion on which a bowler has
bowled most consistently or effectively, and done most to help his team win the
match. Well, you’d think so, wouldn’t you? In fact, it tends to be used as a
statistician’s equivalent to a batsman’s highest score, and is simply the
occasion on which he took most wickets in an innings, with the number of runs
conceded used as a tie-breaker. So a bowler’s career summary may show his ‘best
bowling’ as six for 150, when the opposition made 600 and won by an innings, ignoring
the time he took five for 25 and turned a low-scoring match in his side’s
favour.
Block — A defensive batting shot, purely to keep
the ball off the wicket.
Blocker — A batsman of sound defensive technique,
and sometimes little else. May be useful as an opener, where his sheer
stubbornness can blunt the new-ball bowling and bore the bowlers into making
mistakes. Later in the innings, his lack of scoring shots can stall the team’s
momentum and hand the initiative back to the opposition.
Blockhole — The depression sometimes made in a
dusty pitch where the batsmen take guard. A ball ‘in the blockhole’ is a
yorker-length delivery.
Bodyline — Tactic employed by England during the
1932-33 Ashes series in Australia. By setting a predominantly leg side field
and having his fast bowlers bowl at the batsman’s body to generate catches,
England captain D.R.Jardine won the Ashes but came close to destroying the
Commonwealth. In the aftermath of this notorious series, the law was changed to
limit the number of fielders behind square on the leg side to two, to prevent
further use of this tactic.
Bosie — See Googly
Bouncer — A fast, shortpitched ball, bowled to
rise off the pitch to the height of the batsman’s chest or head. Legal, and
less dangerous than the beamer, but the umpire may still warn and remove a
bowler who bowls bouncers merely to intimidate the batsman.
Boundary — (1) The edge of the playing area,
usually 50 to 80 metres from the wicket and marked by a line, rope or fence.
However, in practice, there is no fixed size or shape for the field, although
large deviations from a low-eccentricity ellipse are discouraged.
(2) A ball that crosses the boundary, scoring four
runs if it touches the ground first, or six if it reaches the boundary on the
full.
Bowled — The most basic, and still the most
satisfying, way to get a batsman out. The batsman is out bowled if the ball,
either straight from the bowler’s hand or by way of the batsman’s bat or body,
hits his wicket with enough force to dislodge at least one bail. Incidentally,
if proof were needed that cricket is the natural game of the pedant, the MCC
sees fit to state in the laws that if the ball hits the the wicket by way of
the pad, even if it satisfies the criteria for an lbw, the batsman is out
bowled, not lbw. How many bowlers, having uprooted the off stump, would appeal
for lbw? I suppose it must have happened.
Bowling, bowler, bowl — A player who bowls is
known as a bowler. Bowling is the act of propelling the ball with a straight
arm towards the batsman’s wicket. The ball is not thrown – if the bowler
straightens his elbow in delivery, the umpire calls ‘no-ball’ (this is
debatable) – hence the need for fast bowlers to run up to 30 metres to build up
sufficient speed. The bowler will usually aim to hit the ball on the pitch
before it reaches the batsman – a full toss is easy to hit. A fast bowler will
bowl at speeds in the range of 140 – 160 kph. A medium pace bowler will bowl
from 100 – 130 kph. A spin bowler will typically bowl at speeds in the range of
80 – 90 kph.
Bowling a maiden over — To bowl an over in which
no runs are scored off the bat, nor from a wide or no-ball.
Bowling analysis — The section at the bottom of
the scoresheet in which each ball bowled is recorded. At the end of the
innings, this data is then used to produce summary statistics for each bowler,
his ‘bowling figures’. The values usually given are the number of overs bowled,
the number of those that were maidens, the number of runs conceded and the
number of wickets taken. Sometimes these are given just as numbers, without
explanation, but the sequence is always the same, so ’17-5-36-3′ means ’17
overs, five maidens, three for 36′. Incidentally, partial overs, usually where
the innings ended midway through an over, are recorded as pseudo-decimals, so
‘12.5 overs’ means 12 overs and five balls.
Bowling crease — One of the two transverse lines
at either end of the pitch, on which the wickets are set. Please see diagram
below for a graphical representation of the pitch.
Box — Curiously known in cricket catalogues as an
‘abdominal protector’, this is a batsman’s best friend and the first piece of
cricket equipment a new player should own. The only thing worse than tucking in
a cold box from one’s own bag is borrowing a warm, sweaty one from someone
else’s.
While we deem it inappropriate for a family web
site like ours to present a photographic rendering of a box as it would appear
in actual use, we thought that perhaps the photograph to the above right (of
West Indies captain Brian Lara taken only seconds after being struck “in
the box” by a hard delivery from Andrew Caddick during the 1998 West
Indies Tour) would suffice to convey the absolute importance of this vital
piece of cricketing protective equipment. The photograph to the left, taken
only seconds later (although I suppose it seemed more like a lifetime to Mr.
Lara) would serve to drive home the idea to an even greater degree.
Bradman, D.G. — Sir Donald Bradman (1908 – 2001)
dominated his chosen sport of cricket like no other has dominated any sport.
Clearly the best batsman to have played the modern game he was a relentless
accumulator of runs, often at a rapid rate. He holds or held almost too many
records to tabulate. His Test record was such that he was only four runs short
of averaging 100. No other player in the history of the game has averaged over
65 in international cricket. He took few risks, but was proficient with all
strokes. His best scoring stroke was probably the pull, played all along the
ground in the arc from mid on to backward square leg. He was an excellent
fielder, particularly in the covers, and a capable leg spin bowler. He made 19
hundreds against England between 1928 and 1948, including two triple centuries
and 6 double centuries. And of course, he set the world’s record score of 452
not out vs. Queensland in 1930. He was Australia’s captain between 1936 and 1948,
during which time his side won 11 tests, to England’s 3. He kept the Ashes
through 4 series.
Broken wicket — The wicket is said to be ‘broken’
or ‘down’ when one or both bails have been dislodged from their grooves by the
ball. If – for example, when the batsmen are running overthrows from a rebound
– a fielder wants to break a wicket whose bails are already off, he may first
replace a bail, or knock or pull a stump from the ground while touching it with
the ball. Don’t worry – I’ve never seen this happen! See also Down wicket.
Bye — Run scored from a ball that hit neither the
batsman’s bat nor his body. Rare at Test level, but can be the top scorer in a
club side’s innings. Due to libel laws, I’ll refrain from comment here.
C
Cabbage patch — An under-prepared, uneven pitch
on which the ball behaves unpredictably, making batting very difficult.
Calling — Batsman’s method of indicating to his
partner whether or not he intends to run. One of the few truly simple things in
cricket – if the ball goes in front of the wicket, the striker calls; square or
behind the wicket, the non-striker does. Better still, there are only three
calls: ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ are self-explanatory; ‘Wait’ acts as an amber light, for
example, when the ball is hit hard at a fielder, who may or may not stop it
cleanly. So why, so often, does it go so horribly wrong? Usually because
batsmen change their minds. A favourite technique sees the striker hit the ball
sweetly to extra-cover’s left, bellow ‘Yes’ and set off for the other end, only
to see the fielder fling himself full-length and stop the ball. Momentarily
forgetting that the fielder has still to get the ball into his throwing hand
and thence to the bowler, that he is already going the right way, and that his
partner, having a head-start from backing-up, is already several yards further
towards his end, the striker screams ‘No, get back’, helpfully holds up his
free hand, traffic cop-style, and trots back to his wicket. His partner,
meanwhile, has to do an abrupt about-face and try to beat the throw to the
bowler’s end. Extra-cover, meanwhile, has had time to regain his feet and send
an easy, accurate throw to the bowler, who removes the bails while the hapless
non-striker is three metres short of his ground. A batsman who does this to his
partner should open his kit bag with great care when he returns to the dressing
room.
Cap — In first-class cricket, the sign that a
player has been recognized as a full member of that particular team. A State /
County player is awarded his cap once he has demonstrated that he can be a
regular first-team player. From then on, he is a ‘capped player’, even if he
prefers to wear a helmet, sunhat or Donald Duck mask on the field. A Test
player receives his cap when he makes his first appearance for his country.
Each Test match a player plays for his country is also referred to as a ‘cap’,
although the authorities consider one actual piece of headgear sufficient.
Captain — The leader of a cricket team on the
field, and held by the laws to be solely responsible for his team’s conduct of
the game. At international level, the captain’s obligations extend to
end-of-day press conferences and long solitary fishing trips to decide if he
wants to lead the side to the West Indies. Such a high-pressure job can
doubtless be stressful.The lot of a club captain is seldom a happy one: not for
him the tricky decision of whether to field a second spinner or to bolster the
batting; he is more concerned about what to do when his two competent bowlers
need a rest and he has only four varieties of dibbly-dobbly cannon fodder to
choose from. This may be the reason that many club annual general meetings
feature an unscheduled two-minute silence when the question is asked “So,
who wants to be captain next year?”
Carrying his bat — Strictly, used only of an
opener who survives while all ten of his teammates are out.
Cart track — See Cabbage patch.
Catches win matches — Schoolmaster’s favourite –
probably out of the same book as ‘would you put your feet on the furniture at
home?’ Trite but true.
Caught out — When a fielder catches a batted ball
before it touches the ground the batsman is ‘caught out’. See also Out.
Caution — The umpire’s sanction against a bowler
who infringes the provisions of Law 42, Unfair Play, against beamers, excessive
bouncers and ‘running on’.
Century — One hundred runs scored by a single
batsman in a single innings. Multiples of one hundred are referred to as double
and triple centuries. Fifty runs would be referred to as a ‘half century’.
While a partnership of 100 might be referred to as a ‘century partnership’, it
would not simply be called a century. In fact, the term ‘century’ is slowly
falling (if it is possible to fall slowly) out of favour – it is more common
these days simply to speak of a batsman making ‘a hundred’, even if his actual
score was 143. Similarly, a score of 71 might be the batsman’s ‘third fifty of
the series’, meaning his third innings of fifty or more runs. See also Hundred,
Fifty.
Chance — Opportunity to take a wicket, most often
a catch.
Chinaman — Stock delivery of left-arm wrist
spinner, turning from righthanded batsman’s off side to leg.
Chinese cut — See French cut.
Clean bowled — One of those mysterious parts of
cricket’s vocabulary that really belong under a separate heading of
Redundancies. As far as we can tell, those who use it do so because they belong
to the school of Never Use One Word Where Two Would Do – they think ‘clean
bowled’ sounds more emphatic or impressive than simply ‘bowled’. If they used
it to indicate that the ball passed through the batsman’s defence without
touching bat or body, or that it removed a stump from the ground, there might
be some sense in it; but they don’t – ‘bowled’ is all it means, so ‘bowled’ is
all one need say.
Clothing — Most cricket clothing is white or
cream, or white with brownish-green knees and inexplicable stains elsewhere.
Since there is no need to make a visual distinction between the two teams on
the field, there are no ‘home’ or ‘away’ colours. Players wear white,
full-length trousers, partly because they always have and partly to protect
against the sun and the straps of their protective equipment, and
loose-fitting, long- or short-sleeved shirts that still end up skin-tight on
some club players. The other essential is boots, usually with metal-spiked
soles to provide a secure grip. Fast bowlers’ boots are cut higher to support
the ankles. Depending on the weather, players may also wear long-sleeved or
sleeveless V-neck sweaters (though not seen in Townsville all that often),
often trimmed at neck, waist and cuffs in the club colours, and a coloured cap
or a coloured or white sunhat.
Club cricket — Typically used to refer to
recreational, amateur cricket, although there is tremendous variation within
this band of the game.
Coffin — Elongated, suitcase-like container for
carrying cricket kit. Essential for international cricketing air travel, it’s a
bloody nuisance in a cramped club dressing room or on the Wanderers’ verandah.
Coming on — More usually heard as ‘not coming
on’, this is a comment on the pace of the pitch, or rather, the amount of
horizontal velocity the ball loses to the pitch as it bounces. A soft surface
will slow the ball down more than a hard one, making it harder for a batsman to
time his strokes by judging the speed of the ball from the bowler’s hand. Such
pitches tend to make for poor cricket, since a bad ball is more likely to go
unpunished, and any deviation the bowler achieves is unlikely to happen fast
enough to trouble the batsman.
And therein lie so many of the problems of modern
cricket – how to prepare pitches on which the players can give their best.
Corridor of uncertainty — OK, I give up, we’ll
put this in. A usefully descriptive term worn thin with overuse, it is nowadays
associated with Geoff Boycott in his TV commmentator’s hat, but I believe the
credit for its coining belongs to the Australian swing bowler Terry Alderman.
It refers to the technique, of which Alderman was a master, of bowling a line
fractionally wide of the off stump, so that the batsman cannot be sure whether
or not he can safely leave the ball alone. If he plays at it, however, the
slightest movement away is likely to take the edge and offer a catch to the
wicketkeeper or slips.
Cover — Run-saving fielding position, in front of
the wicket on the off side. Hence extra cover (straighter), cover point
(squarer).
Covers — (1) Area of field guarded by cover
fieldsman, hence ‘through the covers’.
(2) Combination hessian and tarpaulins used to
protect the pitch from rain. Also something that players tend to forget about
when its their turn to put them on or take them off.
Cow corner — the leg side boundary, in front of
square, to or over which a cow shot is directed.
Cow shot — An inelegant leg side slog, usually
played with the eyes closed and the head high in the air.
Crease — A line. See Bowling crease, Popping
crease and Return crease.
Cross (of batsmen) — To pass in mid-pitch while
taking a run. Significant in two situations – (1) where the striker is out
caught when the batsmen have crossed, the non-striker remains at the end he has
run to, although no run is scored; (2) if the ball reaches the boundary when
the batsmen have crossed for an overthrow, the run in progress is allowed to
count, as well as those already completed and the four for the boundary.
Cross bat — Bat parallel to the ground.
Cut — A cross-batted, usually back-foot batting
shot square of (square cut) or behind (late cut) the wicket on the off side.
D
Daisy-cutter — See Shooter.
Dead ball — When the ball is not in play, it is
said to be ‘dead’. The ball comes into play when the bowler starts his run-up,
and becomes automatically dead when the umpire considers it to have ‘finally
settled’ in the hands of the wicket-keeper or bowler, when a wicket falls, or
when the ball reaches the boundary or when the umpire calls ‘over’ or ‘time’.
The umpire may call the ball dead at other times – for example, when the ball
lodges in the batsman’s clothing, or when a serious injury occurs to a player.
Declaration — The decision of the batting captain
to close his innings. Usually made in order to give his bowlers time to bowl
the other side out to win the match, or delayed by twenty crucial minutes while
the side’s senior player struggles from 96 to 100.
Declaration bowler — Inept bowler employed to
allow the batting side to score quickly, usually in the hope of contriving a
result in a rain-affected match.
Deep — Fielding position prefix also indicating
‘on the boundary’ (See Long), but used in conjunction with the name of an
infield position – e.g. deep square leg, deep extra cover.
Devil’s number — An Australian superstition
concerning the number 87 and, by extension, 187, 287 etc. Something to do with
things being upside-down in Australia, perhaps, but the theory is that being 13
short of 100 gives it terrible powers. It is, of course, purely coincidental
that 1987 was when Australia last lost a Test series to England. See also The
new voodoo number
Dibbly-dobbly — Derogatory term applied to
slow-medium paced bowling even less threatening than that of a trundler.
Did not bat — Entry in the scorebook against a
batsman who, erm, did not bat.
Dismiss — To get a batsman out.
DNB — See, erm, Did not bat.
Dolly catch — A gentle, easy catch.
Don, the — See Bradman, D.G.
Dot ball — A ball from which no run is scored and
no wicket falls. So called because of the scorebook notation for such a ball.
Donkey-drop — Style of slow bowling less
threatening still than dibbly-dobbly.
Down wicket — See Broken wicket.
Draw — A match that is not played under
limited-overs rules, ends in a draw if both sides have not completed the agreed
number of innings when the allotted time expires. Strange as it may seem, this
can and does happen even after five rainless days of a Test match. A drawn
match is not necessarily a boring one, as many who should know better believe.
A batting side stubbornly holding on to avoid defeat can be one of the most
exciting spectacles in the game.
Drive — A straight-batted, front-foot batting
shot, in front of the wicket.
Duck — When a batsman is out without scoring any
runs. See also Golden Duck
E
Economy — A bowler’s ability to prevent the
batsmen from scoring. Of course, the best way to do this is to put them back in
the hutch, but economy is usually measured in runs per over. In most forms of
cricket, a bowler is happy with a rate of less than three runs an over.
Edge — Batting shot, usually unintentional
contact between ball and edge of the bat. May result in a catch to
wicket-keeper or slips.
Eleven — See XI. Also, the most random number in
the universe. Ask people for a random number and 11 will be the number chosen
more than any other.
Extra — Colloquial term for extra cover.
Extras — Runs not scored off the bat – no-balls,
wides, byes and leg-byes. Extras count to the team’s total, but not to the
batsman.
F
Farm the strike — Where a good batsman is batting
with a tail-ender, he will often want to face as much of the bowling as
possible, since he ought to be at less risk than his less proficient partner.
To this end, he will aim to take a single from the fifth or sixth ball of an over,
in order to put himself at the receiving end for the next. An astute captain
will be aware of this tactic and may set his field to frustrate it, or to
encourage the good batsman to take a single.. Sometimes, however, a captain
becomes so focused on getting at the tail-ender that he appears to forget about
getting the batsman out. A valuable late-order partnership can develop this
way, when a more aggressive approach from the fielding side might have stopped
it before it began.
Featherbed — A pitch of gentle pace and
predictable bounce on which batting is easy.
Fence — Means by which the boundary is marked on
some grounds. Curiously, a fielder may touch a boundary fence when stopping or
catching a ball, but if he touches a boundary line or rope, the ball is deemed
to have crossed the boundary. Quite how thick a rope can be before it becomes a
fence is one to ponder in the bar while the rain pours down outside.
Ferret — Not-very-competent-at-all batsman, so
called because he goes in after the rabbits.
Fielding positions — Please see this diagram for
a graphical representation of the Cricket field and various fielding positions.
See Backward, Bat-pad, Cover, Deep, Extra, Fine, Gully, Long, Mid, Point,
Short, Silly, Slip, Square, Third man.
Fifty — Fifty runs scored by a single batsman in
a single innings. See also Century, Hundred.
Fine — Fielding position behind the wicket and
close to the longitudinal axis of the pitch.
Finger — The umpire’s index finger, raised in
response to an appeal to indicate that the batsman is out. This is necessary
only in cases of doubt – where the batsman has lobbed a gentle catch or the
wicketkeeper is trotting towards the boundary to retrieve the middle stump,
there is no need for the umpire to give him out.
Finger spinner — Bowler who uses his fingers to
spin the ball. For a right-arm bowler, this term is synonymous with off
spinner.
First baller — More usual term for Golden Duck
(which is rather schoolboyish.) Incidentally, there is not, but ought to be,
the Platinum Duck, which is the special feat of being out, usually run out,
without facing a ball.
First class — Cricket played between recognised
first class teams over three, four or five days, with two innings per team.
What makes a first class team is not always clear – the game’s governing bodies
occasionally have to rule on whether a particular match should count as first
class. In Australia, first class matches are played between the six States, in
addition to Test matches and county games against touring teams. Other
countries have comparable domestic first class structures.
Fishing — Playing with the bat away from the body
at a ball outside the off stump. Such a shot is likely to yield nothing more
than an edged catch to the wicketkeeper or slips.
Five for — Colloquial term for a bowler’s return
of five wickets in an innings. (See Bowling analysis.)
Flash — Batting shot, a cousin of the Harrow
drive. The flash is an ambitious drive aimed at a ball too wide to reach
easily. Safer than it looks, since any contact with the ball is likely to send
it high over the slips’ heads and first bounce into the third-man fence.
Flight — Arguably a more important weapon even
than spin in a slow bowler’s armoury, flight is the art of varying the ball’s
arc and speed through the air in order to deceive the batsman. An
aerodynamicist will tell you that flight depends heavily on the non-linear
relationship between velocity and drag, and the existence of a ‘critical
velocity’, below which the drag on an object can actually increase. To a spin
bowler, this means that he can make the ball dip suddenly in mid-flight, leaving
a batsman who thought he had it covered a yard short of the pitch and unable to
keep the ball down. Flighted bowling takes nerve and the confidence not to give
in when the occasional ball’s whistles over mid-on for six. By presenting the
batsman with temptingly hittable balls, it encourages him to take risks.
Flipper — A wrist-spinner’s ‘trick’ ball,
deceptively fast and low-bouncing. Difficult to bowl, but deadly when straight.
Follow-on — If, in a two-innings match, the side
batting second falls short of the other side’s first-innings score by 150 runs
in a three or four-day match, or 200 runs in a five-day match, the captain of
the leading team may ask them to bat again immediately. By exercising this
option, he gives his bowlers the chance to bowl the other side out again and
win by an innings. (See Winning margin)
Footwork — The stance is only a starting point –
it allows the batsman to move his feet easily into position to play balls of
any length and direction. A short-pitched ball can be played most easily off
the back foot (‘playing back’). The batsman moves his back foot back towards
the wicket and across into the line of the ball, giving him the maximum time to
judge the speed and bounce of the ball. An overpitched ball is best played off
the front foot (‘playing forward’). The batsman moves his front foot forward
and across, ideally alongside the point where the ball pitches. This allows him
to hit it close to the ground, before it has bounced very high or deviated off
the pitch. A good-length ball (pitching maybe 6-8 feet from the batsman from a
slow bowler, slightly more from a fast bowler) makes neither of these methods
easy, but a good batsman will usually play forward to a good-length ball.
Against slow bowling, a batsman may ‘use his feet’ – i.e. leave his crease to
bring himself closer to the pitch of the ball, or even to turn a good-length
ball into a full toss. In doing this, he risks being stumped if he misses the
ball, but it is a tactic that can upset a bowler’s rhythm and accuracy.
Four — A ball which crosses the boundary after
having first touched the ground, and which scores four runs.
Four ball — Bad ball, likely to be hit for four.
French cut — An attempted attacking batting shot
in front of the wicket resulting in four fortunate runs behind the wicket off
the inside or bottom edge of the bat. Usually millimetres away from a ‘Bad
luck, mate’.
Front foot, But he was on the — expression of the
bizarre but abundant supposition that a batsman cannot be out lbw when playing forward.
Front foot no ball — The original no-ball law
required the bowler to have some part of his back foot behind the bowling
crease at the instant of release. However, many bowlers ‘drag’ the back foot a
considerable distance after landing it, and umpires complained that it was
impossible to judge where the bowler’s foot was when he actually released the
ball. So in 1967, the MCC introduced the present law requiring some part of the
front foot to be behind the popping crease when the ball is released. Since the
bowler’s front foot does not move after landing (if it did, he would do the
splits!) it is much easier for the umpire to judge the fairness of the
delivery.
Full, on the — Without touching the ground.
According to context, this may be between bowler and batsman, bat and fielder
or bat and boundary. (In some cases, even between bowler and boundary, although
this scores only four byes or wides, not six.)
Full toss — A ball that reaches the batsman
without pitching.
G
Gardening — The laws allow a batsman to make
minor repairs with his bat to the surface of the pitch, for example to
pitch-marks made by the ball or scratches from fielders’ studs. There’s an
element of psychology at work here too: a batsman beaten by a ball that
whistled past his chin might prod the spot where it pitched to spare the bowler
from giving himself too much credit for the delivery.
Gate — The gap between bat and pad, that a good
batsman should keep closed. Hence ‘Gated’ or bowled through the gate.
Get one’s eye in — (of batsman) get accustomed to
the batting conditions.
Given out — Declared out by the umpire.
Glance — Batting shot, a faint touch applied to
ball outside leg stump, to deflect it beyond the wicket-keeper’s reach. Elegant
and extremely difficult to play.
Glove — Gloves are worn by the batsmen to protect
their hands from the ball as well as to give the batsmen a firm grip on the
handles of their bats. See also protective equipment.
Golden Duck — A quite excellent Chinese restaurant
in Mackay. Also a special case of a duck in which the batsman is out on his
first delivery of an innings.
Good Length — A ball which is neither
shortpitched nor overpitched, thus making an attacking shot more difficult and
risky. Against a slow bowler, a good length ball might pitch 6-8 feet in front
of the batsman. A good length ball from a fast bowler might pitch slightly
further in front of the batsman.
Googly — A wrist-spinner’s off-break, bowled with
an action similar to that for the leg-break.
Governing bodies — Each cricketing country has
its own governing body (e.g. the Australian Cricket Board, the England and
Wales Cricket Board), responsible for running the domestic game in that
country, especially the first-class game. Each country’s board is answerable to
the International Cricket Council, which fixes the schedules and conditions for
all international cricket, and co-operates with the MCC in updating the laws of
the game.
Grace, W.G. — With the modern game’s emphasis on
fitness and athleticism, the sight of a portly, bearded figure waddling out to
bat at Lord’s has not been seen since, erm, Mike Gatting’s last appearance of
1997. By leaving the first-class game at the tender age of 41, however, Gatting
will fall far short in endurance, as well as hirsuteness, if not girth, of the
game’s greatest legend, William Gilbert Grace (1848-1915). Grace played
first-class cricket for Gloucestershire for 43 years, amassing nearly 55,000
runs. He played 22 Tests – although Test cricket did not begin until 1877 and
there were far fewer matches than today – the last of them at the age of 51.
Oh, and through all this he maintained his practice as a country doctor in
Gloucestershire. He is commemorated at the game’s headquarters by the Grace
Gates, through which the players and officials enter the ground.
Greentop — Grassy, often damp pitch that gives
assistance to seam bowlers.
Ground, Grounded — To touch either bat or body on
the ground behind the Ground, out of his — Either batsman is said to be ‘out
of his ground’ when he has neither his bat nor his body grounded behind the
popping crease, and is therefore at risk of being run out or, in the case of
the striker, stumped.
Grubber — see Shooter
Guard (position) — In waiting for the ball, a
batsman will usually stand astride the popping crease, feet slightly apart,
looking at the bowler along his left (if he is right-handed) shoulder, with the
toe of his bat resting on the ground by his right foot.
Gully — Fielder in catching position, slightly behind
square on the off side. See also Fielding Position.
H
Half-volley — An overpitched ball, whose pitch
the batsman can reach easily, and so hit off the front foot.
Hand action — Not what batsmen do in their spare
time, but what a fast bowler does with his wrist and fingers as he releases the
ball. His aim is to keep the seam upright, so it can act as a rudder to guide
the ball’s swing and land on the pitch to produce movement. He will usually
drag his fingers down the rear part of the seam, imparting backspin that will
stabilize the flight of the ball.
Handled the ball — The batsman’s hands, when
holding the bat, count as part of the bat, and so may legally touch the ball.
Any other use of the hand by either batsman is illegal, and a batsman who
handles the ball in an attempt to gain an advantage will be given out by the
umpire. The bowler gets no credit for the wicket. G.A.Gooch (Essex and England)
ended what might have been a match-saving innings against Australia in 1993 by
being out handled the ball, the only time I’ve seen it happen. See also Out.
[Editors note:
Regarding the curious handling of the ball by Mr.
Gooch, we are told that the unfortunate Mr. Gooch was not so much unfortunate
as silly. In the second innings of the first Test at Manchester in 1993,
Australia set England a huge target of 512 to win. At 223-3 (See Score), with
Gooch on 133, England were still in with a chance of salvaging a draw when Gooch
failed to keep down a ball from Merv Hughes that bounced higher than he’d
expected, thought it was about to fall on his wicket and knocked it away with
the back of his glove. Had the glove still been on the bat, or had he used any
other part of his person or equipment, all would have been well. As it was, he
was out Handled the Ball and England folded to 332 all out, to lose by 179
runs. (See Winning Margin.]
Hanging bat out to dry — See Fishing
Harrow drive — See French cut
.
Hat trick — Three wickets taken in successive
balls. It may be a debasement of the coinage, but these days a bowler may be
credited with a hat-trick even if an over from another bowler – or even his own
side’s innings – comes between two of his three wickets. A bowler who has taken
two successive wickets is said to be ‘on a hat-trick’, and the third ball is
the ‘hat-trick ball’.
Have a blow — (1) Captain’s call to bowler, after
his heroic opening spell, in scorching January heat, has reduced the opposition
to 27-4 (See Score), because his joke-bowler mate wants a bowl. (2) Captain’s
call to his joke-bowler mate, once his four overs have allowed the opposition’s
middle order to recover to 85-4 (See Score).
Heavy ball — A ball with an extra neutron in its
nucleus, developed in 1979 for use at the Goldfield Ashes on the third morning.
Erm, sorry. It’s a fashionable term among cricketing journalists for a ball
that bounces higher than expected, hitting the splice of the bat instead of its
more compliant middle.
The ‘BOX’
Batting Gloves
Knee roll is framed below
Typical helmet
Wrist spinner’s grip
Umpire signalling ‘leg-bye
Swing bowling grip
Dennis Lillee former Australian ‘Strike Bowler’
Helmet — Helmets are worn by the batsmen to
protect their heads from the ball. See also protective equipment.
Hit the ball twice — The striker is allowed to
use his bat to defend his wicket from a ball he has already hit. If he hits the
ball a second time for any other reason, he may be given out. Another
occurrence I’ve never seen. See also Out.
Hit wicket — The striker is out hit wicket if, in
playing the ball or setting off for his first run, he breaks the wicket with
his bat, person or clothing. G.Boycott (Yorkshire and England) was once out hit
wicket in a Test match when his cap fell onto his wicket. The bowler is
credited for a hit-wicket dismissal, so a batsman cannot be out in this way
from a no-ball. See also Out.
Hoick — See Cow shot
Hook — A batting shot similar to the pull, but
played to a ball at chest height or above. Spectacular but risky, due to the
difficulty in keeping the ball down.
How? — See How’s that?
How’s that? — The Marylebone Cricket Club law
book’s prescribed form of words for an appeal to the umpire to give a batsman
out. Common alternative renderings are “How?” “‘owizzeee?”
and “Waaaaaaaaaaaah?”. The popular lay version, “Howzat?”
was last heard at about the same time as “It’s a fair cop.”
Howzat? — See How’s that?
Hundred — One hundred runs scored by a single
batsman in a single innings. See also Century, Fifty.
Hutch — See pavilion. See also Rabbit.
I
ICC — International Cricketing Council. See
Governing bodies.
In-ducker — Opposing batsman’s term for the stock
delivery of a trundler. Although it sounds like a variation on the inswinger,
the in-ducker is merely a straight ball that the batsman has contrived to miss,
so he has to give it a semi-mystical name to explain his downfall.
Infield — Those fielders either close to the bat
in search of a catch, or within about 30 yards of it, saving the single.
Injuries — If a batsman or bowler gets injured
before he is needed, hard luck. Other players in the team can fill in for an
injured bowler, but no allowance is made for an unfit batsman – he can struggle
through as best he can, or the team can make do without him. Real man’s game,
cricket!
Innings — (1) The time spent at the wicket by one
batsman, until he is out; (2) The combined innings (1) of the entire batting
team, ending when ten batsmen are out, or the batting captain declares the
innings closed. (Note: In cricket, the word “innings” is used for
both the plural and the singular. “Inning” is a term used only in
baseball, which is as it should be.)
Inswinger — Swing delivery that moves in the air
towards a righthanded batsman. The bowler’s aim is to pass the inside edge of
the bat and hit the batsman’s leg for an lbw, or the wicket itself.
J
Jaffa — Good or unplayable ball, typically one
that bounces and leaves the bat late in its trajectory.
Jag — (1) Motor car made in Coventry, England,
that consumes an obscene amount of fuel and roadspace, while still forcing
occupants to sit with their chins on their knees. (2) Rather unattractive verb
for the behaviour of a ball that cuts in off the seam from outside a batsman’s
off stump.
Joke bowler — Inept bowler employed because he
has turned out as a favour to the captain, who had only nine men an hour before
the start, who said as he arrived “I fancy a bowl today.” The target
of muttered oaths and murderous scowls from the real bowlers, whose hard work
he undoes in the course of three overs for 40.
K
Knee roll — Not the peculiar chicken-effect
product containing more gristle than meat, whose appearance at tea-time can be
grounds for a club’s removal from its visitors’ fixture list, but the thickened
part of the pad that protects the batsman’s knee. Most usually spoken of when
commentators use it as a crude guide for judging the height of a possible lbw:
a ball that hits the batsman above the knee is likely to pass over the wicket.
Knights — I
refer here to the elite band of cricketers who have been honoured by the
British Crown for their services to the game. India, Pakistan, South Africa,
Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe, although all former parts of the former British Empire,
no longer recognize the Queen as head of state, so this list, which is not
exhaustive, contains only players from Australia, England, New Zealand and West
Indies.
Sir George Allen 1902-89, England 1930-48,
Knighted 1986
Sir Alec Bedser b.1918, England 1946-55, Knighted
1997
Sir Donald Bradman b.1908, Australia 1928-48,
Knighted 1949
Sir Colin Cowdrey b.1932, England 1954-75
Sir Richard Hadlee b.1951, New Zealand 1973-90,
Knighted 1990 -the only one knighted while still playing Test cricket
Sir Leonard Hutton 1916-90, England 1937-55,
Knighted 1956
Sir Garfield Sobers b.1936, West Indies 1954-74,
Knighted 1975
Sir Clyde Walcott b.1926, West Indies 1948-60
Sir Pelham Warner 1873-1963, England 1898-1912,
Knighted 1937
Sir Everton Weekes b.1925, West Indies 1948-58
Sir Frank Worrell 1924-67, West Indies 1948-63,
Knighted 1964
Knocking in — Conditioning the surface of a new
bat by repeatedly hitting it with an old ball or a wooden mallet. A bat that
hasn’t been adequately knocked in will splinter under the impact of a new ball.
L
Late cut — See Cut.
Law — Cricket is governed by laws, not rules. The
MCC’s code of laws consists of 42 laws that govern the conduct of the game and
the responsibilities of players and umpires. Special rules or playing
conditions may apply to individual matches or competitions. You can access the
Year 2000 MCC’s Laws of Cricket by clicking here.
However, if all those laws are a bit too much for
you and you would just like a simple explanation of the game, there is always
this explanation which seems to appear most often on tea towels to be hung in
people’s offices:
“You have two sides, one out in the field and
one in. Each man that’s in the side that’s in goes out, and when he’s out, he
comes in and the next man goes in until he’s out. When they are all out the
side that’s out comes in and the side that’s been in goes out and tries to get
those coming in out. Sometimes you get men still in and not out. When both
sides have been in and out including the not-outs, that’s the end of the game.
Howzat?”
LBW — See Leg Before Wicket.
LBW, not playing a shot — Part of the law since
the Sixties, this reduces the criteria a ball must satisfy for a batsman not
attempting to hit it to be out Leg Before Wicket — When a batsman prevents a
bowled ball from striking the wicket by blocking the ball with his leg, he is
said to be out ‘leg before wicket’, or more simply “lbw”. See also
Out.
Leg-break — A ball spun by the bowler so as to
turn from leg to off for a righthanded batsman.
Leg-bye — Run scored from a ball that hit the
batsman’s body rather this his bat.
Leg cutter — Fast bowler’s delivery that leaves
the righthanded batsman sharply after pitching.
Leg glance — A batting shot. However, there
really is only one sort of glance! See Glance.
Legover incident — During a Test match between
England and West Indies in 1991, England’s Ian Botham lost his balance in
avoiding a bouncer from Curtly Ambrose. Realising he was dangerously close to
his stumps, Botham tried to step over the wicket but dislodged a bail with his
thigh. In discussing Botham’s dismissal at the end of the day’s play, TMS’s
Jonathan Agnew muttered to his colleague Brian Johnston that Botham
“couldn’t quite get his leg over.” What followed was some 90 seconds
of unforgettable radio, with Johnston gigglingly helplessly and spluttering
“Aggers, for goodness’ sake, stop it.”
Leg side — The side of the pitch nearer the
batsman’s legs as he faces the bowler, i.e. to the bowler’s right for a
right-handed batsman. See also On side.
Leg spinner — Bowler whose primary delivery is
the leg-break.
Leg stump — Of the three stumps which comprise a
wicket, the one to the leg side. See also Off stump and Middle stump.
Length — The distance from the bowler to the
point where the ball pitches. This affects the time the batsman has to see the
ball’s behaviour off the pitch, and so influences his choice of stroke. See
shortpitched, good length and overpitched.
Limited bouncers — Not a law but a playing
condition for first-class matches, restricting a bowler to one (Pura Cup
matches) or two (Test matches) bouncers per batsman per over. Bouncers above
this limit are called no-balls. Many observers, myself included, regard this as
unnecessary. The umpires already have the power under law 42 to remove a bowler
for intimidatory bowling (see Beamer, Bouncer). This condition is a belated and
inappropriate response to the blatantly intimidatory tactics employed, most
notably by the West Indies, in the 1970s and 1980s, when all that was needed
was for the umpires to enforce the existing law.
Limited overs cricket — Alternative term for
one-day cricket.
Line and length — Another schoolmaster’s
favourite, ostensibly in praise of the undoubted virtue of accuracy in bowling.
Too often, however, it has the effect of deterring young bowlers from practising
the aggressive arts of pace, swing and spin, and could be the reason that
English cricket is full of journeyman medium-pacers. Coaches are at last
beginning to realize that while a fast bowler or a big spinner can become
accurate with practice, no donkey, however good his sense of direction, has yet
won the Melbourne Cup
.
Linseed oil — What glaziers use to keep their
putty malleable. When they’re not doing that, they rub it into their cricket
bats. The oil maintains the resilience of the wood, and keeps it from drying
out and becoming brittle, or from absorbing moisture and swelling up. Some
modern bats are impregnated with polyurethane or other waterproofing
substances, but such bats tend to perform less well than natural, oiled willow.
Lofted drive — A batting shot played
intentionally in the air, over the heads of the close fielders.
Long — Fielding position prefix indicating ‘on
the boundary’. Confusingly, long-leg is behind the wicket, while the apparently
synonymous long-on is in front of it, barely within shouting distance of
long-leg. See also Deep.
Long hop — A shortpitched ball, not fast or high
enough to be a bouncer, which presents the batsman with an easy hit off the
back foot.
Long Room — A long room (!) in the pavilion at
Lord’s, looking out onto the playing area and lined with portraits of
distinguished cricketers and cricketing memorabilia. Players walk through it on
their way to the middle.
Loop — The high trajectory of a flighted delivery
from a slow bowler. By tossing the ball up, the bowler gives it the greatest
chance of deviating off the pitch, and also encourages the batsman to take the
risk of using his feet.
Lord’s — A cricket ground in St John’s Wood,
north London, generally considered the ‘home’ of cricket. It belongs to the
Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), and was founded by Thomas Lord some 200 years
ago. Lord’s plays host to a Test match against each touring country each year,
as well as the finals of the major domestic competitions. Middlesex County
Cricket Club also plays its home games at Lord’s.
M
Maiden — An over in which no run is scored off
the bat, nor from a wide or no-ball. The traditional best man’s joke about
bowling a maiden over ceased to be funny before the First World War and was
eventually outlawed by the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1927.
Maker’s name — Sound defensive batting technique
involves meeting the ball with the full face of the bat – ‘showing the bowler
the maker’s name’. These days, most bats are so garishly decorated that the
bowler could probably see the maker’s name from the end of his run.
Match referee — An off-field official at Test
matches and other major events, whose responsibility is to oversee the broader
conduct of the game and to take any disciplinary action that may be required
against the players.
Mid — Prefix of three infield fielding positions:
mid-off between bowler and covers; mid-on in equivalent position on on-side;
mid-wicket between mid-on and square leg.
Mid-wicket — A leg-side infield fielding
position. As far as I can guess, the name derives from sense (3) of ‘wicket’,
since the fielder is roughly level with the halfway point of the pitch.
Middle — (1) See In the middle. (2) The middle of
the bat. (3) To hit the ball with the middle of the bat. Bat makers go to great
lengths to persuade players that the new Ergomax Arsekicker has a larger,
sweeter middle than any bat ever made. The truth is, however, that as long as
the bat has a middle somewhere, a good player will have the timing to find it.
Middle, In the — Involved in the game. A batsman
returning from injury or in a run of bad form may be said to be ‘short of time
in the middle’, meaning short of match practice.
Middle stump — Of the three stumps which comprise
a wicket, the one in the middle. See also Off stump and Leg stump.
Minefield — See Cabbage patch.
N
Nelson — The number 111. The connection to
Admiral Lord Nelson is tenuous and mostly unexplained, but the number that
bears his name, and multiples of that number, are held to have mystical
properties in English cricket. There are those – Test umpire David Shepherd
prominent among them – who will not keep both feet on the ground while 111 is
on the scoreboard, although quite what they are trying to prevent is not clear
either.
Nets — A pitch enclosed at the sides, back and
top with netting is called a net and used for practice. Trouble is, turf net
pitches take as much maintenance as those on the square, so most clubs don’t
bother. Instead, they use a concrete base covered with synthetic ‘all weather’
matting, which takes on the character of a police skid-pan after the slightest
sprinkling of rain. Worse, it doesn’t tolerate spikes, so bowlers are expected
to practise in rubber-soled shoes, in which no bowler in his right mind (so we
can exclude left-armers) would risk bowling at full speed.
New ball — In most levels of cricket, each
innings begins with a new ball. In the first class game, once the fielding side
has bowled 80 overs with one ball, the captain may call for a new one, so that
his pace bowlers have the advantage of a sharp seam and a shiny cover. The
tactic can backfire, however, especially if the batsmen are well set, since the
harder ball comes faster off the bat.
Nightwatchman — In a first-class match, a
tail-ender sent in when a wicket falls near the end of a day’s play. The theory
is that a batsman is most vulnerable at the start of his innings and early in
the day, so this tactic is intended to protect a specialist batsman from one of
these dangerous times. Of recent times, Australian captain Steve Waugh has
declared tha the Australian team will cease using Nightwatchmen.
Nipbacker — Colloquially, a fast ball that ‘nips
back’ off the pitch towards the batsman, like an off-cutter.
No! — The call from one batsman to the other
indicating that he should not run. See Calling.
No-ball — A delivery ruled unfair by the umpire
for one of several reasons, usually to do with the position of the bowler’s
feet. (See Popping crease, Return crease) The bowler cannot take a batsman’s
wicket with a no-ball, although the batsman may be out in ways not credited to
the bowler, e.g. run out. A no-ball counts one run to the batting side’s score.
If the batsmen run, or the ball goes to the boundary without hitting the bat,
that number of no-balls is scored instead. If runs are scored off the bat, the
one-run penalty does now apply.
Non-striker — The batsman at the bowler’s end,
not facing the bowling. See also Striker.
Not out — (1) Umpire’s call in denying an appeal.
(2) Entry in the scorebook against a batsman not dismissed at the end of his
team’s innings, either because of a declaration, or because all ten of his
teammates are out.
O
Obstructing the field — Another rare means of
dismissal. A batsman who causes an intentional obstruction to the fielding side
may be given out. The kind of accidental collision that occasionally results
from two players watching the ball is not considered an infringement of this
law. See also Out.
ODI — One Day International.
Off-break — A ball spun by the bowler so as to
turn from off to leg for a righthanded batsman.
Off-cutter — Fast bowler’s delivery that turns
sharply towards a righthanded batsman after pitching.
Offer the light — Strictly speaking, the
opposite. The law requires the umpires to determine that the light is unfit for
play (see Bad light), and then to ask the batsmen if they wish to continue in
the unfit conditions. If they do, play continues until the light deteriorates
further and the umpires repeat the offer.
Off side — The side of the pitch away from the
batsman’s legs as he faces the bowler, i.e. to the bowler’s left for a
right-handed batsman.
Off-spinner — Bowler whose primary delivery is the
off-break
Off stump — Of the three stumps which comprise a
wicket, the one to the off side. See also Leg stump and Middle stump.
Old favourite — Usually to be found in the hands
of a trundler when his turn comes to bat. Close inspection reveals the autograph
of the young Neil Harvey and the maker’s mark ‘Noah and Sons, finest gopher
wood’. The trundler’s batting, incidentally, is instantly recognizable from his
bowling – although technically correct and hard to get out, he seldom hits the
ball off the square.
On side — Alternative term for leg side.
One-day cricket — Term usually used to denote
cricket played between first class teams but not under first class conditions.
The matches are of only one innings a side, and are decided by the number of
runs each side scores in a pre-determined number of overs – 50 in one-day
internationals, 40 or 60 in other competitions – so every match produces a
winner.
One-day specialist — A player whose game is
considered more suitable for the one-day format than for first-class cricket.
For a batsman, this means favouring quick scoring over the concentration
required to build a long innings. One-day bowlers are more prized for accuracy
and economy than for aggression and wicket-taking ability. Sharp, athletic fielding
is valuable in any kind of cricket, but is especially critical under
limited-overs rules.
One short — The umpire’s call and signal
(touching right hand to right shoulder – well-nigh useless, since the scorers
are never expecting it and have to be bellowed at anyway) when either batsman
fails to make his ground when turning for a second or subsequent run. Although
the subsequent run is also, by definition, short, only one run is disallowed.
The enforcement of this law depends on the vigilance of the umpires. At
first-class level, each umpire will move as soon as the ball is hit into a
position from which he has a clear view of the popping crease; in a junior club
game, the chances are that the umpires will be gazing dreamily after the ball,
and so fail to notice when the batsman turns a yard short of the crease.
Open the face — Turn the face of the bat to the
off side. Not really commensurate with the principles of straight bat and ‘in
the V’, but popular in the one-day game to direct the ball into gaps in the
field.
Openers — The two batsmen who commence a team’s
innings. Since they will be facing fresh, fast bowlers with a new ball, these
are usually the two most disciplined, if not necessarily most skilful, batsmen
in the team.
Orthodox spinner — See Finger spinner.
Out — As a special service to our American
readers who may be familiar with baseball terminology , we think we should
point out that in cricket, batsmen do not ‘make out’, in any sense – they are
mostly too short, overweight and the smell of Deep Heat and linseed oil can be
quite stomach-turning. (The Don was an exception – as a cricketer, and as a
man.) Happiness, as any girl will tell you, is a fast bowler, preferably one of
six-foot-five. A batsman gets out, or just is out. That said, there are
numerous ways for a batsman to get out. See Bowled, Caught out, Handled the
ball, Hit the ball twice, Hit wicket, Leg before wicket, Obstructing the field,
Run out, Stumped, Timed out.
Outfield — The area between the infield and the
boundary. A shot hit into the outfield is usually worth at least one run, even
if it goes straight to a fielder.
Outswinger — Swing delivery that moves in the air
away from a right-handed batsman. The bowler’s intention is usually to hit the
outside edge of the bat and offer a catch to slips or wicketkeeper.
Oval, the — A cricket ground in Kennington, south
London, home of Surrey County Cricket Club. Famous for the giant gas holder
(no, not Tony Lewis) to one side of the ground, it has a reputation for
producing the best, fastest pitches in England and is traditionally the venue
for the last Test match of the English summer.
Over — A series of consecutive balls. bowled from
one end by one bowler. The international convention for an over is now six
balls, although overs of four and five balls were common before 1900, and
Australia and New Zealand were last to abandon their customary eight-ball
overs. No-balls and wides do not count as part of an over, so a bowler who
bowls one must bowl an extra ball to compensate. Alternate overs are bowled
from opposite ends of the pitch, and no bowler may bowl two overs
consecutively.
Overarm — The usual style of bowling in modern
cricket, in which the ball is released above the head and bounces once before
reaching the bat. According to legend, it was invented in a nineteenth-century
English back garden by a girl in a crinoline, whose skirt was too full to let
her bowl underarm to her brothers.
Over (umpire’s call) — The umpire’s call after
six fair balls have been bowled, or as close as he can guess to six after he
dropped all his counting stones trying to signal One Short.
Overpitched — A ball whose length allows the
batsman to play forward and meet the pitch of the ball.
Overthrow — A further run scored when a fielder’s
throw misses or rebounds from the stumps. If an overthrown ball crosses the
boundary, four runs are added to those the batsmen have run.
Over the wicket — The position of the bowler
relative to the wicket, such that his bowling arm is between his body and the
wicket. A right-arm bowler will therefore bowl to the left of the wicket. See
also Round the wicket.
‘owizzeee? — See How’s that?
P
Pace — (1) The speed of a bowler’s delivery, as
in medium-pace or, less often, slow- or fast-paced bowling. (A slow or fast
bowler is usually called just that.) (2) Fast bowling. (3) High speed, as in
‘the game was played at a tremendous pace.’
Editors note: Ann Jacobson sent me the following
curious musings as regards to pace:
Here’s one for the Newtonians out there. You know
that what we’re referring to as ‘pace’ is, in fact, velocity (well, strictly
the horizontal component of a vector quantity, since what counts is the time
the ball takes to travel from the bowler’s hand to the batsman.) So you also
know that Sir Isaac, had he lived beyond the furlongs per fortnight era, would
agree that there’s only one unit in which to measure velocity, and that is
metres per second.
So why is it that, according to cricketers, pace
comes by the yard, as in “He’s lost a yard of pace since his back
injury”? As anyone who’s made their own curtains will know, this is
meaningless because it doesn’t tell you how wide the roll of pace is. I’ve
scoured learned cricketing volumes for information on this, but can’t find
anything to tell me whether there is a standard width for pace, or whether
medium pace comes in a wider roll than, say, searing pace. (There certainly
seems to be a lot more of it about.) Not even Military Medium pace appears to
adhere to a standard, and the military are famous for their measurements (well,
according to Ann, anyway.)
I think we should be told, and there may be scope
here for a Wanderers campaign. Our track record is good, as Andy Bichel can
testify as he polishes up the new ball in Trinidad, so how about it?
So, readers. How about it?
Pace bowler — A bowler who bowls with pace, i.e.,
a fast bowler
Pad — Usual term for the device known as a
leg-guard only in cricket catalogues, a cane and canvas structure strapped to
the lower leg to protect it against the impact of the ball. Also worn by the
wicketkeeper.
Pad up — (1) To put on protective equipment
before going out to bat; (2) To allow the ball to hit the pad, rather than
attempt to hit it with the bat.
Pair — A duck in each innings. Also – rarely – ‘a
pair of spectacles’. A batsman coming in for his second innings after a duck in
the first is said to be ‘on a pair’.
Pajamas — See Pyjamas. No, I’m not kidding.
Partnership — The time spent at the wicket by one
pair of batsmen and the runs scored (including extras) in that time. There are
ten partnerships per completed innings, labeled from first-wicket partnership
to tenth-wicket partnership, in order.
Pavilion — The clubhouse of a cricket ground, where
the players change, wait to bat and take their refreshments.
Penetration — Generally, penetrative bowling is
that which is likely to take wickets, rather than merely being difficult to
score off. Of course, there’s nothing quite like the moment of penetration, as
the gleaming red weapon slips through the last line of defence. The emphasis on
economy rather than penetration may explain Wilma’s lack of enthusiasm for the
one-day game.
Pinch-hitter — A recent and, as far as we can
tell, entirely inappropriate borrowing from baseball. Rather than a substitute
batsman (not allowed anyway – see Substitute), a ‘pinch hitter’ is a
big-hitting tail-ender, promoted to the top of the batting order to take
advantage of field-placement restrictions in the first 15 overs of a 50-over
one-day innings.
Pitch — (1) The mown area, 22 yards long, with
the wickets and creases at either end; Please see the diagram below for a
graphical representation of the pitch. (2) In hitting the ground on its way to
the batsman, the ball is said to pitch; (3) The point on the pitch (1) at which
the ball pitches (2)!
Plank — Typically an old or poor-quality bat that
imparts more energy to the batsman than to the ball when hit.
Playing back — When batting, to play a ball off
the back foot, a good strategy against a short-pitched ball. See also Footwork.
Playing for his average — Accusation levelled at
a batsman who plays the role of the blocker when his team needs quick runs.
Playing forward — When batting, to play a ball
off the front foot, a good strategy against an overpitched ball. See also
Footwork.
Point — Fielding position square of wicket on off
side.
Popping crease — A transverse line four feet in
front of the bowling crease. Please see above diagram for a graphical
representation of the pitch. The batsman must ground his bat or body behind
this line in order to complete a run or to avoid being stumped by the
wicketkeeper. As he releases the ball, the bowler must keep some part of his
front foot behind the popping crease if he is not to bowl a no-ball.
Protective equipment — Pre-war photographs show
Bradman and others going out to bat in little more than pads, skimpy
rubber-spiked gloves and a green Australian cap. Modern batting gloves are far
more heavily padded, and yet batsmen seem to suffer more broken fingers than
ever. Minimal batting equipment consists of pads for the shins and knees, a
strap-on foam pad for the leading thigh, a box and a pair of gloves. Oh yes,
and a bat. Other batsmen may variously add a second thigh pad, foam pads for
the leading forearm and chest and – universally in modern Test cricket – a
helmet, usually with a metal grille in front of the face. Certain short,
nervous or pessimistic club batsmen also bat in helmets, seemingly unaware of
the automatic response of the opposing fast bowlers: “Wonder what that
sounds like”.
Pull — A cross-bat, usually back-foot batting
shot, directed into the sector between long-leg and mid-on.
Push him! — Batsman’s call to his partner, urging
him to run the first run quickly in the hope of inducing a mistake from the
fielder, and thus turning one run into two.
Pyjamas — Derogatory term for the coloured
clothing worn in certain forms of one-day cricket. Advocates of coloured
clothing regard its detractors as stick-in-the-mud traditionalists, but this is
to overlook an important truth – it is invariably hideous, designed with the
taste and discrimination of a two-year-old in a paint factory.
Q
Queensland — The premier Australian State
Quicks — (usually plural) Fast bowlers.
R
Rabbit — Not-very-competent batsman, usually a
tail-ender.
Ratings — (2) Once upon a time, it was sufficient
for a sporting hero to score the winning try against the All Blacks, or to
clear six cubits and a span in the high jump. Not any more; now that everything
and everyone is sponsored, the Managing Director of Dougal’s Dog Biscuits wants
to know that he is backing the leader in his field, so everyone has to be ranked.
Cricket has always attracted more than its share of statistical anoraks. In the
old days, they would marvel at the third decimal place of Denis Compton’s
batting average, but there was always the suspicion that a mere mean didn’t
fully reflect the value of the runs scored or the wickets taken. This, combined
with the advent of the computer, led the accounting firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers
to spot the chance of some cheap publicity by devising a more sophisticated and
‘scientific’ system for ranking cricketers. The method they came up with awards
points for batting and bowling performances, but applies weightings for the
strength of the opposition and according to the high- or low-scoring nature of
the match. Thus five top-order wickets against Australia in a high-scoring
match (by implication in good batting conditions) will earn a bowler more
points than five New Zealand tail-enders on a cabbage patch. A Test player’s
PwC rating is now a part of the profile that Channel 9 displays whenever it
needs to fill a lull in proceedings. The accountants must be delighted. For
full details of the method, and the current ranking list of Test players, visit
PriceWaterhouseCoopers site at
Records — Cricket is full of records. So full, in
fact, that hardly a Test match goes by without a commentator announcing (or
being prompted to announce by the shadowy man at the back of the box) that
‘This is now the highest seventh-wicket partnership for Pantsland against Trouserstan
on this ground,’ or something of the sort. These records are often all the less
remarkable, when you consider that it this may well be only the fifth time the
two teams have met at that venue, and one of those matches was rained off.
Retired hurt — Entry in the scorebook against a
batsman who was incapacitated during his innings. Such a batsman is considered
not out, and may resume his innings, if fit, at the fall of a wicket. The same
entry is used, out of delicacy, where, as occasionally happens, a batsman
retires dead.
Return crease — longitudinal line, four feet
either side of the middle stump. Please see this diagram for a graphical
representation of the pitch. The bowler must keep all of his back foot inside
this line if he is not to bowl a no-ball.
Reverse sweep — An unorthodox batting shot,
popular in the one-day game, played by a right-handed batsman as if
left-handed, or vice-versa.
Reverse swing — A recent innovation in fast
bowling technique, by which an old ball can be made to swing sharply, and in
the opposite direction to that achieved by conventional swing. The cause of
much, mostly ill-informed, speculation about ball tampering, reverse swing can
be achieved by perfectly legal means.
Rope — See Boundary.
Rough — Bowler’s footmarks, usually outside a
right-handed batsman’s leg stump, from which spin bowlers, especially
wrist-spinners, can obtain more turn than from smooth areas of the pitch.
Round the back yard — A batsman bowled by a ball
that passes behind his legs.
Round the wicket — The position of the bowler
relative to the wicket, such that his bowling arm is on the far side of the
bowler’s body from the wicket – i.e. to the right of the wicket for a right-arm
bowler. See also Over the wicket.
Run — The basic unit of scoring. To complete a
run, each batsman must run from the position he stands in as the bowler bowls
to make his ground at the other end, without being run out. Having completed
the first run, they may turn and run more runs, as long as it is safe to do so
without being run out. (see also One short)
Runner — Where a player has sustained an injury
during the game that leaves him fit to bat but unable to run, another member of
his team (not a substitute), wearing the same protective equipment, may do his
running for him. By introducing a third opinion into the debate over whether to
take a run, this can produce hilarious – sorry, embarrassing – results.
Running on — Commentator’s shorthand for a
bowler’s offence in following through too close to the line of the stumps. A
FoxSport graphic almost as familiar as the record winning fourth-innings total
shows the area, 12 inches either side of the middle stump and beginning five
feet in front of the popping crease, in which the bowler may not put his feet.
(Small marks on the bowling crease and at the sides of the pitch provide a
guide for the umpires.) The restriction was introduced to prevent bowlers
roughening the pitch on the line of the wicket, thus providing an unfair
advantage to spin bowlers from the other end. A bowler who infringes this law
receives a caution from the umpire, followed by a final warning and removal if
he persists.
Run out — If the fielding side can dislodge a
bail from the wicket with the ball before the batsman nearer that wicket has
made his ground, that batsman is out, run out, and the run he was attempting
does not count. The bowler is not credited with the batsman’s wicket. See also
Out.
S
Score — A batting side’s score is expressed as a
total of runs scored for wickets lost, e.g. 176 for 5 or 176-5. In Australia
and New Zealand, this convention is often reversed – 5 for 176. The score for a
completed innings is usually written simply as a total of runs – e.g. 355,
rather than 355-10 or 355 all out.
Scorer — One of (usually) two off-field
officials, whose job is to record the events of the match in the scorebook.
Each side will usually supply one scorer (except in Townsville); two scorers
help each other with the identification of players and in making sure the two
books agree. They are the intended recipients of the umpires’ signals (with the
exception of the raised finger for ‘out’), and produce a summary of each
batsman’s innings and an analysis of each bowler’s overs. Sounds great, doesn’t
it? At club level, it doesn’t often work this way, and unless a willing
schoolboy can be pressed into service , the players waiting to bat have to keep
score themselves. The result is a scoresheet in a number of varyingly legible
hands, a corresponding degree of variation in the accuracy of the arithmetic
and, considering all this, remarkably few fights over the result at the end of
the match.
Seam — The six rows of raised stitching around
the equator of a cricket ball.
Seam bowler– Bowling technique that causes the
ball to deviate by landing the seam on the pitch.
Seamer — See Seam bowler.
Season — Cricket is known as a summer game, and
so it is, but the wide range of climate in cricketing countries means that the
timing of the season varies widely around the world. In Europe (Britain and, to
some extent, Ireland, Holland and Denmark), the season begins in mid-April and
extends to mid-September, with Test matches played in June, July and August. In
cricketing archives, European seasons are the only ones referred to by a single
year. Cricket in the the Southern Hemisphere – in South Africa, New Zealand,
Zimbabwe and Australia – occupies the corresponding months of the Southern
summer. As in Europe, the main considerations are of firm ground and length of
daylight. (See Bad light.) In tropical countries, in Asia and the Caribbean,
warm weather is not usually a problem, but monsoons, hurricanes and the like
can be. For this reason, the international season is usually concentrated in
the early months of the year, although the domestic season extends either side
of this. In all countries outside Europe, a season is referred to by the two
years it spans.
Seeing it like a [insert large spherical object
here] — (of batsman) Well established and accustomed to the conditions, so
that he finds the flight and speed of the ball easy to judge.
Selectors — Members of the committee that selects
a country’s Test team.
Session — One of the three periods of play,
usually of approximately two hours each, on each day of a first class match.
Sheet-anchor — Variously appreciative or
euphemistic term for a blocker.
Shooter — A ball which, after pitching, travels
almost along the ground. Impossible for the bowler to bowl intentionally but,
when straight and fast, almost always terminal for the batsman.
Short — Prefix added to name of fielding
position, similar to ‘silly’. It indicates ‘close to the bat’. To confuse the
Americans – and others – it’s usually ‘silly point’ or ‘silly mid-on’, but
‘short mid-wicket’ or ‘short extra cover’.
Shortpitched — A ball whose length gives the
batsman time to play it easily off the pitch with his weight on the back foot.
Shoulder arms — Commentator’s term for the
technique of lifting the bat out of the path of a ball that the batsman judges
to be safely away from his wicket.
Sightscreen — White-painted board placed at the
end of the ground behind the bowler in order to give the batsman a clear
background against which to see the ball. Also target offered to bowler who is
having difficulty locating the wicket.
Signals — The means by which the umpires
communicate their decisions to the scorers and players. They sound – and
sometimes look – curiously masonic, but with the exception of the strange and
pointless One Short signal, serve their purpose well. David Shepherd’s (see
also Nelson) variation on the leg-bye signal is worth the admission fee on its
own.
·Boundary, four: forearm waved horizontally at
waist height
·Boundary, six: both arms raised above the head
·Bye(s): one arm raised above the head
·Dead ball: arms crossed and uncrossed below waist
height, with call of ‘dead ball’
·Leg-bye(s): tapping a raised knee with one hand
·No-ball: one arm extended horizontally, with call
of ‘no ball’
·One short: arm extended horizontally and bent
with hand touching shoulder, with call of ‘one short….oi, scorers, ONE
SHORT!’
·Out: see Finger
·Wide: both arms extended horizontally, with call
of ‘wide ball’
Silly — Prefix added to name of fielding position
to indicate that it is extremely close to the bat, e.g. silly mid-on, silly
point.
Single — One run, as distinct from the first of
several. The seemingly obvious other forms – ‘double’, ‘triple’ are not used.
Six — Cricket, chapter two, verses nine to
twenty-seven: And the Lord spake, saying: “First shalt thou hit the ball
beyond the boundary on the full. Then shalt thou score six runs, no more, no
less. Six shall be the number thou shalt score, and the number of the scoring
shall be six. Seven shalt thou not score. Neither score thou five, excepting
that thou then proceed to six. Once the number six, being the sixth number, be
reached, then swingest thou thy holy bat of Noah and Sons against thy foe who,
being naughty in my sight, shall snuff it.” Amen.
Skipper — See Captain.
Skier, skyer — A ball hit so high in the air that
it descends almost vertically. Especially dangerous if it comes down close to
the wicket, giving several fielders the chance to assume that someone else will
catch it.
Sledging — A term that originated in Australia
for a practice that is probably as old as the game, the verbal abuse of
opponents. Batsmen are more usually targets than sledgers, partly because they
are outnumbered on the field, and partly because sledging can involve long
words, which tend to frighten them. With the increasing use of on-field effects
microphones in TV coverage of cricket, sledging poses a knotty problem. The TV
technicians are instructed to switch on the microphone only as the bowler
starts his run, and to switch it off again as soon as the ball hits or passes
the bat. Despite this precaution, you didn’t have to be an expert lip-reader to
catch Darren Gough’s ‘fook me!’ after he’d bowled Australia’s Greg Blewett with
a no-ball at Edgbaston in 1997. (Gough had Blewett caught at slip with his next
ball.)
Slip — Fielder in catching position, behind the
wicket on the off side. At Test level, this is the position for the
sharpest-eyed, surest-handed men in the team; in a club side, the two
50-year-old, sixteen-stone endomorphs are usually parked there because they
don’t often have to run far. Multiple fielders may play in this position and
are called 1st, 2nd and 3rd slips, with the 1st slip being closest to the
wicket-keeper. See also Fielding position.
Slog — Unorthodox attacking batting shot, usually
played regardless of the merits of the delivery. Also used generally of the
closing stages of a one-day innings, where scoring quickly is more important
than conserving wickets.
Soft hands — Nothing to do with Vasoline. This is
part of a batsman’s defensive technique by which he allows the bat to yield on
contact with the ball. The idea is that, even if the ball turns or bounces
unexpectedly, an uncontrolled shot played with soft hands is less likely to
carry to the close fielders.
Spell — Sequence of consecutive overs bowled by
one bowler from one end. (Interspersed, obviously, with overs by other bowlers
from the other end.) A fast bowler can seldom sustain peak effectiveness for
more than about ten overs, but spells of four to eight overs are more usual;
slow bowlers can bowl much longer spells, although even they tire eventually.
Spin specialist — Not a true specialist, since
any batsman that can’t play fast bowling is unlikely to make much of an
impression, a batsman who is comfortable against the subtle menace of spin is
an asset to any team.
Spinner — A bowler whose bowling style
incorporates some form of spinning the ball. See Finger spinner, Wrist spinner.
Splice — The V-shaped join between the willow
blade and cane handle of the bat. The natural compliance of the wood has little
effect up here, so a ball that bounces sufficiently to hit the splice will
cause the batsman some discomfort.
Square — The closely-mown central part of the
playing area, from which pitches are prepared. The width of the square varies
with the size and prestige of the ground, while its length, of course, is fixed
at a little over 22 yds. The square at Wanderers is 4 pitches wide, while a
Test match ground might have the space for 10 or more.
Square (position) — Fielding position close to an
imaginary line drawn at right angles to the centre-line of the pitch and
passing through the batsman’s guard position. Also used to describe the
location of other things such as batting shots.
Square cut — See Cut.
Stance — See Guard.
Standing back — Term used to describe the
position of the wicketkeeper 10 to 20 yards behind the wicket. Used with a fast
bowler so the wicketkeeper has more time to react.
Standing up — Term used to describe the position
of the wicketkeeper immediately behind the wicket. Used with a slow bowler to
be in position to perform a stumping.
Stock bowler — Bowler whose primary task is to
bowl a large number of overs as economically as possible. (See Economy.)
Something few bowlers will admit to being (see Strike bowler) but a role that
someone has to play to prevent the batsmen filling their boots on an easy
pitch.
Straight bat — The technique of holding the bat
perpendicular to the ground, face to the bowler, that gives the best chance of
hitting a good ball. Used as a byword for correct, disciplined batting, and a
good way to avoid hearing “Bad luck, mate”.
Sticky dog — See Sticky wicket
.
Sticky wicket — A wet pitch, drying in the sun,
on which batting is extremely difficult. Rare in Townsville, now that pitches
are covered. Sometimes called a ‘sticky dog’.
Strike bowler — A bowler, usually a fast A bowler
or an aggressive spinner, whose primary aim is to take wickets. What every A
bowler would like to think he is; best employed in short spells so that he is
fresh and effective when he is most needed.
Striker — The batsman facing the bowling. See
also Non-striker.
Stroke — See Batting Shots.
Strokemaker — An aggressive, hard-hitting
batsman, usually better suited to the middle of the batting order than to the
top. Australia’s M.E.Waugh (b.1965) is perhaps the leading example in modern
Test cricket.
Stumped — If the wicketkeeper removes a bail from
the wicket with the ball, while the striker is out of his ground but not
attempting a run, the striker is out, stumped. The bowler is credited with this
wicket. Only the wicketkeeper may perform a stumping: if any other fielder
touches the ball, even unintentionally, the batsman is run out, not stumped.
Stumps — (1) The three posts which hold the two bails.
The bails rest in grooves at the top of the stumps. Together, the stumps and
bails comprise a wicket. The three stumps are individually known as the off
stump, the leg stump and the middle stump. (2) Term used, most commonly in
Australia, for the end of a day’s play.
Substitute — A fielder deputising for a teammate
who is incapacitated during the game, not simply unable to field due to being
55 and sixteen stone. A substitute may not bat or bowl.
Sundries — Australian term for extras.
Sweep — A front-foot leg-side batting shot played
with bat parallel and very close to the ground. Possible only against slow
bowling, and must be skilfully played to avoid giving a catch off the top edge
of the bat.
Sweeper — Modern term, scorned by the purists,
for a fielder on the extra-cover boundary, usually in a one-day match, to cut
off an aggressive batsman’s favourite scoring shot.
Swing — Bowling technique that causes the ball to
deviate in the air. Factors that influence this deviation include: the angle of
the seam relative to the travel of the ball, the relative shininess of the two
sides of the ball, the bowler’s arm and hand action, the hardness and
prominence of the seam, cloud cover and relative humidity. That the ball does
swing is evident even to the casual observer, but to date, no amount of
scientific investigation has fully explained the mechanism by which it does so.
Swing bowler — A bowler who employs swing in his
bowling.
T
Tail-ender — Batsman, usually in the team as a
bowler, who bats late in the order.
Take guard — To mark, with the help of the
umpire, the resting position of the bat on the popping crease. The batsman may
ask to cover, for example, leg stump or leg stump and middle stump. This is
important in that it determines the position of the batsman’s eyes, and hence
his judgement of the balls he has to play and those he can safely leave alone.
Taken off — (Of bowler) prevented from bowling
again in the innings. (See Caution, Running on, Bouncer, Beamer.)
Tea — The first thing on the mind of a certain
type of amateur cricketer . A club may have a cabbage patch for a square,
provide neither scorer nor umpire and possess neither sightscreens nor decent
changing rooms, and yet remain on the fixture list year after year; but should
it provide substandard refreshments in the interval between innings, questions
will be raised at the AGM as to whether this is a worthy place for us to be
spending our weekends. Draw your own conclusions.
Test — The highest level of cricket. A Test is a
first class match played between two full international teams over five days,
usually as part of a series of three, five or six matches. At present, there
are ten Test-playing countries: Australia, Bangladesh, England, India, New
Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies and Zimbabwe.
Testimonial match — Non-competitive match,
nowadays usually in one-day format, played to raise funds for a player’s
benefit, or for some other cause. Teams are often pro-celebrity based, or feature
famous players from overseas or years gone by.
Third man — Fielding position on the boundary,
behind the wicket on the off side.
Tie — A match that finishes – both sides’ innings
completed – with the scores level is a tie. This is a rare occurrence. Note
that if the scores are level but the side batting last has not completed its
innings, the match is a draw, not a tie.
Time — The umpire’s call to indicate the end of a
session or a day’s play. He then removes the bails from the wicket.
Timed out — After a wicket falls, the next
batsman has two minutes to appear on the field. Should he intentionally take
longer than this – i.e. not because five wickets have fallen in two overs and
he is frantically trying to get his box in the right way up – he may be given
out. Nope, never seen this one either. See also Out.
Timing — The difference between that exquisite
moment when a gentle push sends the ball speeding to the rope, and the big
heave that goes nowhere and leaves your arms vibrating and your teeth feeling
like Pink Panther-style crazy paving. It means meeting the ball with the
sweetest part of the bat at the optimum point in its trajectory, thus
conserving the kinetic energy the ball already has. It is what makes the best
batsmen such a pleasure to watch – unless you happen to be bowling to them, of
course.
Topspinner — A wrist-spinner’s delivery bowled to
spin ‘end-over-end’, in the direction of travel. Rather than turning, the
topspinner picks up speed after pitching. Some finger-spinners also bowl a
variety of topspinner.
Toss — After naming their players, the captains
toss a coin. The winner of the toss may elect to bat or field first. Unless the
conditions are very likely to favour his swing or seam bowlers, the winning
captain will usually choose to bat.
Trapped — Lazy commentator’s or journalist’s automatic
description of a batsman being out lbw, so much so that it may appear three or
four times in an account of a single innings.
Trundler — A club player who may once have been a
fast bowler, but who is now reduced by age to bowling at slow-medium pace.
Immensely boring to watch and to play against, a true trundler is still
fiendishly difficult to score off. This may be why every club team seems to
have one.
TV Replay — A replay on TV. Current Test rules
allow for a third, off-field umpire to adjudicate line decisions – i.e.
run-outs, stumpings and boundaries, but not catches or lbws – with the aid of
slow-motion replays.
Twelfth man — See Substitute.
U
Umpire — One of the two officials who control the
game on the field. At first-class level, these are usually respected ex-players
with a detailed knowledge of the game. This is true of some club umpires too,
but sadly, not of many.
Unbeaten — Not out.
Underarm — From being a dirty part of most
cricketers, this became a dirty word in the game in (I think) 1978. With New
Zealand requiring six to win from the last ball of a one-day international,
Australian captain Greg Chappell called on his brother Trevor to bowl the last
ball underarm, along the ground. Underarm bowling was the norm in the game’s
formative years in the 18th century, but then so were top hats, powdered
wigs and Union Jacks in the American
colonies. The game has, of course, moved on since then, but underarm bowling
remains legal, so long as the bowler informs the batsman of his intention.
After the Chappell incident, however, a rule was introduced to require overarm
bowling in one-day internationals.
Unorthodox spinner — A seldom used term for Wrist
spinner.
Use his feet — When batting, for the batsman to
leave his crease to bring himself closer to the pitch of the ball, or even to
turn a good-length ball into a full toss. In doing this, he risks being stumped
if he misses the ball, but it is a tactic that can upset a bowler’s rhythm and
accuracy.
V
V, in the — Between mid-off and mid-on – part of
the ‘straight bat’ theory of batting. This is where you can hit the ball
without hitting across the line.
W
Wa-hoo — see Cow shot
Waaaaaaaaaaaah? — See How’s that?
Wait! — The call from one batsman to the other
indicating that he should wait before running. See Calling.
Walk — (of batsman) leave the field voluntarily
when dismissed, without waiting to be given out by the umpire.
Wicket — (1) The structure of three vertical
stumps and two horizontal bails, 28 inches high by nine wide, at either end of
the pitch, that it is the batsman’s primary responsibility to defend. (2) By
extension from (a), the batsman’s right to be on the field; by getting a
batsman out, a bowler is said to take his wicket. (3) Term colloquially but
incorrectly used to refer to the pitch.
Wicketkeeper — A specialised fielder who stands
behind the wicket to catch those balls the batsman does not hit. To a slow
bowler, he will stand immediately behind the wicket (‘standing up’), in order
to perform a stumping. To a fast bowler, this is too difficult and dangerous,
so he stands 10-20 yards from the wicket (‘standing back’), where he has more
time to react. The wicketkeeper wears heavy leather gauntlets to protect his
hands and pads similar to the batsman’s on his shins.
Wide — A ball that passes so far from the batsman
that he cannot hit it, something that few umpires at club level seem competent
to judge once, let alone to judge consistently. The batsman can be out to a
wide in any way that is physically possible, given that the ball may not, by
definition, pass within reach of the wicket or his bat. A wide counts one run
to the batting side’s score.
Willow — Wood from which cricket bats are made,
usually grown in eastern England, even for those bats made in other countries.
Hence ‘to wield the willow’, which means to bat and is not – in most cases –
synonymous with ‘to beat the bishop’.
Winning Margin — If the side batting last wins
the game, its margin of victory is expressed as the number of wickets still
standing as it passes the winning target. The result of the first Test in the
1997 Ashes series was as follows:
Australia 118 and 477
England 478-9 dec and 119-1
England won by nine wickets
If the side fielding last wins the game, its
margin of victory is the difference between its total of runs and that of the
other side. The result of the third Test of the 1997 Ashes series was as
follows:
Australia 235 and 395-8 dec
England 162 and 200
Australia won by 268 runs
Where one side’s score in one innings is greater
than the other’s aggregate of two completed innings, the winning side is said
to win by an innings and the difference between the totals. The result of the
fourth Test in the 1997 Ashes series was as follows:
England 172 and 268
Australia 501-9 dec
Australia won by an innings and 61 runs.
Women’s cricket — For too long the Cinderella
area of the sport, women’s cricket has increased sharply in popularity in
recent years. Although physical factors dictate that there is less brute force
in the women’s game, at the top level it is played with great skill and at a
considerable pace.
World Cup — A one-day international tournament
held every four years. The ten Test-playing countries qualify automatically
plus Kenya, and are joined by the top three ‘minor’ countries from the ICC
Trophy. The World Cup is presently held by Australia who have won it
back-to-back (1999 & 2003). The next world Cup is scheduled for the West
Indies in 2007.
Wrist spinner — Bowler who turns his wrist at the
point of delivery to impart spin to the ball. This action can impart far more
spin than the finger spinner, and by varying the angle of the wrist, the bowler
can vary the direction of the spin, and thus the turn of the ball. (See Googly)
A right-arm wrist spinner is a leg-spinner.
Wrong’un — See Googly
X
XI — Conventional notation for a cricket team, or
‘eleven’. ‘The Duchess of Norfolk’s XI’ is not a shocking Victorian novel, but
the invited team assembled for a touring team’s traditional first fixture at
Arundel Castle in Sussex. The Roman numerals are probably a product of English
public school elitism – cricket and hockey teams are XIs, rugby union teams
XVs, but one seldom hears of a Tottenham Hotspur (football) XI or a Rochdale
Hornets (rugby league) XIII. .]
Y
Yes! — The call from one batsman to the other
indicating that he should run. See Calling.
Yorker — A ball bowled to pitch at the batsman’s
feet, to pass under his bat and hit the wicket.
Z
ZZZZZ’s — floating zzzzz’s is what happens when
you watch Bangladesh play Test cricket.
This page is rather long but if you’re looking for
a cricketing term, there is a fair chance you’ll find it here.